How does chronic stress negatively impact physical health?

Chronic stress negatively impacts physical health primarily by leading to various health issues, such as high blood pressure. When a person experiences chronic stress, the body remains in a heightened state of alertness, which triggers the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can increase heart rate and blood pressure as part of the body's fight-or-flight response.

Over time, the prolonged elevation of these stress hormones can result in significant health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, weakened immune function, metabolic disorders, and gastrointestinal issues. Essentially, the body's systems can become overworked and strained due to the ongoing stress, leading to detrimental effects on overall health and well-being.

Other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of chronic stress. For instance, the idea that chronic stress improves immunity contradicts significant research showing that chronic stress instead weakens the body's immune response, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses. Similarly, the notion that stress enhances athletic performance is misleading; while short-term stress may boost performance, chronic stress typically leads to a decline in physical capabilities and recovery. Lastly, suggesting that chronic stress has no significant effects overlooks the extensive body of evidence linking stress to a range of negative health outcomes.